Everything about Quebec Conference Of 1864 totally explained
The
Quebec Conference was the second meeting held in 1864 to discuss
Canadian Confederation.
The 16 delegates from the
Province of Canada,
Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, and
Prince Edward Island had agreed at the close of the
Charlottetown Conference to meet again at
Quebec City in October of 1864.
Newfoundland also sent two observers, but didn't participate directly in the proceedings.
The Conference
The conference began on October 9. The major source of conflict at the conference was between those who favoured a strong central government, such as
John A. Macdonald, and those who favoured stronger provincial rights. Representatives from the
Maritimes and
Canada East (now
Quebec) tended to argue for provincial rights, fearing they'd lose their cultural identity under a centralized government. Macdonald thought the failure of smaller, localized governments was evident in the
American Civil War, which was still being fought in the
United States as the delegates met in Charlottetown and Quebec. The delegates eventually compromised, dividing powers between federal and provincial governments. They also decided to have an elected lower house, the
House of Commons, and an appointed upper house, the
Senate, although there was considerable debate about how many senators each province would have. The Prince Edward Island delegation called for what could be seen as the forerunner of the current
Triple-E Senate proposal. Eventually, a proposed structure for the government was written out in the form of the
seventy-two resolutions at the end of the conference.
Aftermath
The conference ended on October 27, and the delegates returned to their provinces to submit the Seventy-Two Resolutions to the provincial legislatures.
George-Étienne Cartier was largely responsible for convincing the French-Canadian members of the Legislature in Canada to accept the resolutions, even though he himself didn't support such a strong federal government.
A.J. Smith led the opposition to Confederation in New Brunswick, while
Joseph Howe led the opposition in Nova Scotia, but both of these provinces eventually agreed to join the union. Only Prince Edward Island rejected the resolutions. The Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia then set about securing autonomy from the British government, which culminated in a third
London Conference in
1866, and the
British North America Act on
July 1,
1867.
Delegates
Province of Canada
New Brunswick
Edward Barron Chandler
Charles Fisher
John Hamilton Gray
John Mercer Johnson
Peter Mitchell
William H. Steeves
Samuel Leonard Tilley
Nova Scotia
Adams George Archibald
Robert B. Dickey
William Alexander Henry
Jonathan McCully
Charles Tupper
Prince Edward Island
George Coles
John Hamilton Gray
Thomas Heath Haviland
Andrew Archibald Macdonald
Edward Palmer
William Henry Pope
Edward Whelan
Newfoundland (observers)
Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter
Ambrose Shea
See also: History of CanadaFurther Information
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